Great unknown: How much energy crypto mining uses

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Apr 10, 2024 View in browser
 
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By Arianna Skibell

Presented by American Clean Power

Bitcoin and powerplant illustration collage

The cryptocurrency industry has been under scrutiny because of its energy use. | Claudine Hellmuth/E&E News (illustration); Freepik (computer, Bitcoin logo, cyber effects); Corrigan Company (Ameren Portage Des Sioux Power Plant)

The exact amount of electricity used to mine cryptocurrency in the U.S. is a mystery.

The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates that computers “mining” digital currencies like bitcoin — by solving complex puzzles around the clock — eat roughly 0.6 to 2.3 percent of the nation’s power. But an ongoing lawsuit has stopped the Energy Department agency from collecting more detailed information, writes Jason Plautz.

Without exact figures, the nation’s power providers cannot assess how the rapidly growing crypto industry will affect the electric grid in the future.

That could pose a major problem for grid operators as the nation’s demand for energy increases in the coming years. The EIA estimates that demand could shoot up 15 percent by midcentury — numbers that Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm said “literally” keep her up at night.

Predicting the crypto industry’s demand for power is distinctly complex because the amount of electricity miners need in any given moment is determined by the price of their product — not by the weather or population growth, which are factors utilities are accustomed to navigating.

That variability has led lawmakers and energy sector officials to call for more transparency into crypto mining’s energy use. Last year, eight Democratic lawmakers implored the Biden administration to issue a mandatory disclosure regime for the industry.

In January, EIA Administrator Joe DeCarolis issued an emergency order requesting that 82 companies report the electricity used at their 150 mining facilities along with which sources of power they rely on.

DeCarolis said the industry’s rapid growth and existing strain on the grid has created “heightened uncertainty” for power markets. That means there may not be enough power available to meet moments of high demand, leading to blackouts.

But the industry protested. The nonprofit Texas Blockchain Council and mining company Riot Platforms filed a lawsuit accusing the EIA had not properly seeking public comment. And the groups said EIA’s “legally defective survey” would pose a risk to their operations.

EIA agreed to withdraw its emergency survey and committed to seeking public comment before launching a new one. But the agency told Jason last month there is no update on timing.

 

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