Tulane University researchers working on treatments for among the most common curable sexually transmitted infections are getting a $9.2 million boost from the National Institutes of Health. Trichomoniasis, caused by trichomonas vaginalis, an inflammation-causing parasite that lives in people’s genital tracts, is prevalent, with more than 3 million estimated infections in the U.S., many of them in the Deep South, the researchers say. Only 30 percent of people with trichomoniasis infections develop symptoms, meaning many people don’t know they’re infected and don’t seek treatment, so infections often last for months or years. “The problem is trichomoniasis is the most common treatable STI, but there are often no symptoms, and the CDC has not recommended screening among asymptomatic people, so the public doesn’t know about it,” Patty Kissinger, professor of epidemiology at Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, said in a statement. The five-year, NIH-backed study, which includes 1,200 participants in Louisiana, Alabama and Florida, will compare secnidazole, a newer treatment, to metronidazole, an older antibiotic. While metronidazole was long the go-to drug for trichomoniasis, it has a high breakthrough infection rate of roughly 10 percent. Why it matters: Untreated infections are linked to increased risk for pelvic inflammatory disease in women and prostatitis, or prostate inflammation, in men, plus an increased risk for HIV infections. Trichomoniasis infections passed from mother to baby are associated with preterm birth and poor birth outcomes. Additionally, a racial disparity appears in infection rates — African-American women are more likely than other demographic groups to develop trichomoniasis infections. Big picture: Metronidazole’s high breakthrough rate could be due to the need for a multiple-dose regimen. Missing doses or engaging in sexual activity before completing treatment can increase the risk of reinfection. By comparison, secnidazole requires only one dose. “Trichomoniasis affects millions but remains a highly neglected STI,” Kissinger said. “We’re hoping this study leads to better treatment options and increased awareness that we hope will encourage more screening.” |